How is sunlight harmful for human skin?

Sunlight travels to the earth in a spectrum of energy frequencies, roughly separated into ultraviolet (UV) radiation, visible light, and infrared. UV light is a high energy frequency and is responsible for the harmful effects of sunlight. UV light can directly damage the DNA in your skin cells, leading to sunburns in the short term, and an increased risk of developing skin cancer and premature aging in the long term. 

How does sun damage look like?

• Immediate effects:

• • Sunburn 

• Long-term effects:

• • Skin cancer
  • Wrinkles
  • Skin laxity and looseness
  • Skin discoloration such as dark sunspots (solar lentigines), broken blood vessels (telangiectasias), and the development of small irregular bumps on the skin
  • Premature skin aging

How can you prevent sun damage? 

Avoidance of UV light is the mainstay of preventing sun damage. This may include:

• Using a broad-spectrum sunscreen that covers both UVA and UVB, at least SPF 30 of above
• Wearing sun protective clothing
• Seeking shade, especially during peak sunlight hours between 10am to 4pm
• Avoid tanning, including tanning beds

What are treatment options for sun-damaged skin?

In addition to sun protection, there are several treatment options to improve sun-damaged skin. Every patient is unique and treatment is personalized in each case, but several options for treatment may include:

• Intense-pulse light (IPL) therapy
• Chemical Peels
• Sublative radiofrequency 
• Resurfacing lasers 
• Topical treatments such as a retinoid cream or a vitamin C serum.